INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
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1. What is log shipping? Can we do logshipping with SQL Server 7.0 - Logshipping is a new feature of SQL Server 2000. We should have two SQL Server - Enterprise Editions. From Enterprise Manager we can configure the logshipping. In logshipping the transactional log file from one server is automatically updated into the backup database on the other server. If one server fails, the other server will have the same db and we can use this as the DR (disaster recovery) plan.
2. Let us say the SQL Server crashed and you are rebuilding the databases including the master database what procedure to you follow? - For restoring the master db we have to stop the SQL Server first and then from command line we can type SQLSERVER –m which will basically bring it into the maintenance mode after which we can restore the master db.
3. Let us say master db itself has no backup. Now you have to rebuild the db so what kind of action do you take? - (I am not sure- but I think we have a command to do it).
4. What is BCP? When do we use it? - BulkCopy is a tool used to copy huge amount of data from tables and views. But it won’t copy the structures of the same.
5. What should we do to copy the tables, schema and views from one SQL Server to another? - We have to write some DTS packages for it.
6. What are the different types of joins and what dies each do?
7. What are the four main query statements?
8. What is a sub-query? When would you use one?
9. What is a NOLOCK?
10. What are three SQL keywords used to change or set someone’s permissions?
11. What is the difference between HAVING clause and the WHERE clause?
12. What is referential integrity? What are the advantages of it?
13. What is database normalization?
14. Which command using Query Analyzer will give you the version of SQL server and operating system?
15. Using query analyzer, name 3 ways you can get an accurate count of the number of records in a table?
16. What is the purpose of using COLLATE in a query?
17. What is a trigger?
18. What is one of the first things you would do to increase performance of a query? For example, a boss tells you that “a query that ran yesterday took 30 seconds, but today it takes 6 minutes”
19. What is an execution plan? When would you use it? How would you view the execution plan?
20. What is the STUFF function and how does it differ from the REPLACE function?
21. What does it mean to have quoted_identifier on? What are the implications of having it off?
22. What are the different types of replication? How are they used?
23. What is the difference between a local and a global variable?
24. What is the difference between a Local temporary table and a Global temporary table? How is each one used?
25. What are cursors? Name four types of cursors and when each one would be applied?
26. What is the purpose of UPDATE STATISTICS?
27. How do you use DBCC statements to monitor various aspects of a SQL server installation?
28. How do you load large data to the SQL server database?
29. How do you check the performance of a query and how do you optimize it?
30. How do SQL server 2000 and XML linked? Can XML be used to access data?
31. What is SQL server agent?
32. What is referential integrity and how is it achieved?
33. What is indexing?
34. What is normalization and what are the different forms of normalizations?
35. Difference between server.transfer and server.execute method?
36. What id de-normalization and when do you do it?
37. What is better - 2nd Normal form or 3rd normal form? Why?
38. Can we rewrite subqueries into simple select statements or with joins? Example?
39. What is a function? Give some example?
40. What is a stored procedure?
41. Difference between Function and Procedure-in general?
42. Difference between Function and Stored Procedure?
43. Can a stored procedure call another stored procedure. If yes what level and can it be controlled?
44. Can a stored procedure call itself(recursive). If yes what level and can it be controlled.?
45. How do you find the number of rows in a table?
46. Difference between Cluster and Non-cluster index?
47. What is a table called, if it does not have neither Cluster nor Non-cluster Index?
48. Explain DBMS, RDBMS?
49. Explain basic SQL queries with SELECT from where Order By, Group By-Having?
50. Explain the basic concepts of SQL server architecture?
51. Explain couple pf features of SQL server
52. Scalability, Availability, Integration with internet, etc.)?
53. Explain fundamentals of Data ware housing & OLAP?
54. Explain the new features of SQL server 2000?
55. How do we upgrade from SQL Server 6.5 to 7.0 and 7.0 to 2000?
56. What is data integrity? Explain constraints?
57. Explain some DBCC commands?
58. Explain sp_configure commands, set commands?
59. Explain what are db_options used for?
60. What is the basic functions for master, msdb, tempdb databases?
61. What is a job?
62. What are tasks?
63. What are primary keys and foreign keys?
64. How would you Update the rows which are divisible by 10, given a set of numbers in column?
65. If a stored procedure is taking a table data type, how it looks?
66. How m-m relationships are implemented?
67. How do you know which index a table is using?
68. How will oyu test the stored procedure taking two parameters namely first name and last name returning full name?
69. How do you find the error, how can you know the number of rows effected by last SQL statement?
70. How can you get @@error and @@rowcount at the same time?
71. What are sub-queries? Give example? In which case sub-queries are not feasible?
72. What are the type of joins? When do we use Outer and Self joins?
73. Which virtual table does a trigger use?
74. How do you measure the performance of a stored procedure?
75. Questions regarding Raiseerror?
76. Questions on identity?
77. If there is failure during updation of certain rows, what will be the state?
78. How many servers you were supporting?
79. How were you maintaining the servers?
80. What are your daily activities?
81. How were you scheduling the jobs, through agent (or) any 3rd party tool?
82. What is DR strategy?
83. Users are complaining that databases are responding very slow! How will you troubleshoot the issue?
84. What are the different types of Replication?
85. What types of maintenance jobs were there in your previous project?
86. What will update statistics do? What is its significance?
87. What are the few DBCC commands you use frequently?
88. How will you check fragmentation on table or index?
89. What is BCP and how is it useful?
90. What are DTS packages and have you designed any such packages?
91. What does SQL server Upgrade Advisor tool do?
92. Why is there a possibility for only one clustered index?
93. How will you troubleshoot a poor performing query?
94. What are all the filters you will be seeing in SQL Server Profiler?
95. What are the different types of Backup?
96. What is the difference between FULL and Differential Backup?
97. What is your backup strategy?
98. What are DBCCINDEX, DBCC INDEXDEFRAGE commands used for?
99. How will you find log space usages of all databases?
100. How much memory does SQL Server requires?
101. How will you monitor log shipping?
102. How will you setup Log Shipping? Explain in detailed?
103. What are AWE configurations?
104. What are all the jobs associated with Log Shipping?
105. What is reorganizing index, rebuild index and what situations can you use these?
106. What is check pint?
107. If tempdb is full what u can do?
108. Can you move tempdb one drive to another drive if business is running?
109. If master database is corrupt in sql server what u can do?
110. How many files in a database. If a ldf file is deleted in a database what you can do(Backup is not available) and mdf file is deleted what u can do?
111. What is the usage of ndf file in a sqlserver database?
112. If blocking occurs in sql server how to identify you in sql server and how to resolve it?
113. If deadlock occurs in sql server how to identify you in sql server and how to resolve it ?
114. In all how many ways can we move databases? Which is the best one?
115. How will you move databases(system and user)to different instance?
116. How to move a particular table in a SQL Server instance?
117. An application is slow, how will you troubleshoot from db perspective?
118. A user was able to connect yesterday but is unable to connect today? What will you do?
119. Difference between Logshipping and mirroring?
120. Ticketing tool + CR tool (are both the same and different?)
121. What are isolation levels in sql server 2000?
122. Difference between read committed and seriallizable in sql server 2000?
123. How to give select and update permission in sql server?
124. Tell me new features in sql server 2005 as DBA?
125. Difference between truncate and shrink?
126. Which monitoring tool used tells me three main things in monitoring tool?
127. If an error occurs in sql server how to identify that error is application error or database error?
128. What is view and usage of a view?
129. What is execution plan in sql server?
130. What is usage ofnonclustered index in sql server?
131. If a primary server is fail how to up the secondary server?
132. If tlog is deleted in primary server in logshipping how to restore in secondary server?
133. What type of issues resolves in sql server recently?
134. What type of maintenance plan in sql server?
135. How to identify if a job is fail?
136. How to configure error logs?
137. What is statistics in sql server?
138. What are statistics, under what circumstances they go out of date, how do you update them?
139. What is stored procedure and trigger?
140. How long the update statistics job used to run on the largest database(of size 1300GB)?
141. If u found a block on the server when update statistics is running then what u do?
142. How was u maintaining OLTP applications having terabytes of data?
143. Update statistics run successfully on Sunday. After that on Wednesday large volume of data is inserted into?
144. What will you do in case of poor performance of query?
145. Pre requisite for migrate from 2000 to 2005?
146. How many types of modes in database mirroring?
147. What is database snapshot? How do you do that?
148. How will u kill a process?
149. How do you find out which process is getting blocked?
150. How many cluster index and non cluster index are there?
151. What is significance of update statistics command?
152. What is blocking and how it is different from deadlock?
153. How to transit the new Databases from Development team to Production Support?
154. How identify property plays a role in case of Replicztion?
155. Authentication Modes? Explain Mixed Mode?
156. Database crash what will you do immediately?
157. What will you do after installing a new SQL Server 2005 instance?
158. Configure and Managing SQL Server?
159. Difference between role and privilege?
160. A database has 10 tables and user has to access only one table for a user to access?
161. Logshipping primary crashes, how will you bring the secondary as primary?
162. Profiler how frequently will you use?
163. How to handle issues during installation upgrade? How will you handle those errors?
164. Dotnet framework 2.0 minimum is required for SQL Server?
165. What is latency period of Log shipping?
166. Copy wizard in SQL Server 2005?
167. How many instances do you handle?
168. Tempdb space is increasing very rapidly what will you do?
169. If you use Truncate only option you will loose current transactions, how will you stop that from doing?
171. Were you maintaining the servers?
172. What are your daily activities?
173. How were you scheduling the jobs, through agent (or) any 3rd party tool?
174. What is DR strategy?
175. Users are complaining that databases are responding very slow! How will you troubleshoot the issue?
176. What are the different types of Replication?
177. What types of maintenance jobs were there in your previous project?
178. What will update statistics do? What is its significance?
179. What are the few DBCC commands you use frequently?
180. How will you check fragmentation on table or index?
181. What is BCP and how is it useful?
182. What are DTS packages and have you designed any such packages?
183. What does SQL server Upgrade Advisor tool do?
184. Why is there a possibility for only one clustered index?
185. How will you troubleshoot a poor performing query?
186. What are all the filters you will be seeing in SQL Server Profiler?
187. What are the different types of Backup?
188. What is the difference between FULL and Differential Backup?
189. What is your backup strategy?
190. What are DBCCINDEX, DBCC INDEXDEFRAGE commands used for?
191. How will you find log space usages of all databases?
192. How much memory does SQL Server requires?
193. How will you monitor log shipping?
194. How will you setup Log Shipping? Explain in detailed?
195. What are AWE configurations?
196. What are all the jobs associated with Log Shipping?
197. What is reorganizing index, rebuild index and what situations can you use these?
198. What is check pint?
199. If tempdb is full what u can do?
200. Can you move tempdb one drive to another drive if business is running?
201. If master database is corrupt in sql server what u can do?
202. How many files in a database. If a ldf file is deleted in a database what you can do(Backup is not available) and mdf file is deleted what u can do?
203. What is the usage of ndf file in a sqlserver database?
204. If blocking occurs in sql server how to identify you in sql server and how to resolve it?
205. If deadlock occurs in sql server how to identify you in sql server and how to resolve it ?
206. In all how many ways can we move databases? Which is the best one?
207. How will you move databases(system and user)to different instance?
208. How to move a particular table in a SQL Server instance?
209. An application is slow, how will you troubleshoot from db perspective?
210. A user was able to connect yesterday but is unable to connect today? What will you do?
211. Difference between Logshipping and mirroring?
212. Ticketing tool + CR tool (are both the same and different?)
213. What are isolation levels in sql server 2000?
214. Difference between read committed and seriallizable in sql server 2000?
215. How to give select and update permission in sql server?
216. Tell me new features in sql server 2005 as DBA?
217. Difference between truncate and shrink?
218. Which monitoring tool used tells me three main things in monitoring tool?
219. If an error occurs in sql server how to identify that error is application error or database error?
220. What is view and usage of a view?
221. What is execution plan in sql server?
222. What is usage ofnonclustered index in sql server?
223. If a primary server is fail how to up the secondary server?
224. If tlog is deleted in primary server in logshipping how to restore in secondary server?
225. What type of issues resolves in sql server recently?
226. What type of maintenance plan in sql server?
227. How to identify if a job is fail?
228. How to configure error logs?
229. What is statistics in sql server?
230. What are statistics, under what circumstances they go out of date, how do you update them?
231. What is stored procedure and trigger?
232. How long the update statistics job used to run on the largest database(of size 1300GB)?
233. If u found a block on the server when update statistics is running then what u do?
234. How was u maintaining OLTP applications having terabytes of data?
235. Update statistics run successfully on Sunday. After that on Wednesday large volume of data is inserted into?
236. What will you do in case of poor performance of query?
237. Pre requisite for migrate from 2000 to 2005?
238. How many types of modes in database mirroring?
239. What is database snapshot? How do you do that?
240. How will u kill a process?
241. How do you find out which process is getting blocked?
242. How many cluster index and non cluster index are there?
243. What is significance of update statistics command?
244. What is blocking and how it is different from deadlock?
245. How to transit the new Databases from Development team to Production Support?
246. How identify property plays a role in case of Replicztion?
247. Authentication Modes? Explain Mixed Mode?
248. Database crash what will you do immediately?
249. What will you do after installing a new SQL Server 2005 instance?
250. Configure and Managing SQL Server?
251. Difference between role and privilege?
252. A database has 10 tables and user has to access only one table for a user to access?
253. Logshipping primary crashes, how will you bring the secondary as primary?
254. Profiler how frequently will you use?
255. How to handle issues during installation upgrade? How will you handle those errors?
256. Dotnet framework 2.0 minimum is required for SQL Server?
257. What is latency period of Log shipping?
258. Copy wizard in SQL Server 2005?
259. How many instances do you handle?
260. Tempdb space is increasing very rapidly what will you do?
261. If you use Truncate only option you will loose current transactions, how will you stop that from doing?
262. How many type of mirroring ?
263. Difference between transaction replication and merge replication ?
264. If your database primary file size is 40 GB and log file size 60 GB . Then how much space you need to take backup or for restore that database?
265. How you manage the memory of your database ?
266. Load balancing is supported by sql 2005 ?
267. Syntax for transaction log backup file ?
268. How you check the space use by log file ?
269. Difference between sql 2000 and sql 2005?
270. Which command use to find the block process id activity ?
271. If replication is failed because of network issue . what configuration we need to configure to start the merge replication or log shipping to run automatically?
272. If mirror database is full, how we can spring the file ?
273. If dbcc shrink does not shrink the log , how you trouble shoot this issue?
274. How do you go about expanding your knowledge of SQL Server?
275. Do you know when and where the local SQL Server User Group meets?
276. Tell me about your experience with SQL Server – when did you start, what things have you done?
277. What are some of the new features in SQL Server 2008? 2012?
278. In your experience, what are the causes of poor performance in SQL Server?
279. In your experience, what are the causes of deadlocks?
280. How can you get a deadlock graph from SQL Server?
281. What is a “wait”?
282. Why are cursors generally considered a bad idea to use in SQL Server?
283. What is a “Tally Table”?
284. What is a “read-ahead read”?
285. What are the different types of backups that can be performed?
286. How does the “WITH COPY_ONLY” option affect the different types of backups?
287. When restoring a database, what do the REDO and UNDO portions of the process do?
288. What is a VLF?
289. What conditions must be met to mark a VLF as inactive?
290. Under what conditions can dirty data pages be written to the data file?
291. Can dirty pages with an ongoing active transaction be written to the data file?
292. What causes a transaction log to be cleared?
293. What is a CHECKPOINT?
294. How does it perform differently based upon the recovery model that the database is in?
295. Does a checkpoint write to the transaction log?
296. What is “Log Space Reservation”?
297. How can you break a transaction log chain?
298. What are some examples of minimally logged operations?
299. What recovery model does the database need to be in to perform minimal logging?
300. What ramifications are there when performing a minimally logged operation?
301. Is there anything different about the next transaction log backup? If so, what?
302. Can you restore to a point-in-time with this transaction log backup?
303. What operations in SQL Server are NOT logged?
304. Table Variables?
305. TRUNCATE TABLE?
306. What recovery model does the database need to be in for the TRUNCATE TABLE statement to be minimally logged?
307. What are the Pros and Cons of executing the command “BACKUP LOG WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY”?
308. What is a “Page Split”?
309. What are the Pros and Cons of shrinking database files?
310. How does fragmentation affect performance?
311. How does fragmentation affect the size of the IO being read?
312. How are UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints enforced in SQL Server?
313. What is a heap?
314. What are the different types of indexes (beyond clustered/non-clustered)?
315. What attributes constitute a good clustering key?
316. Is the data in a clustered index actually stored on disk in strict physical order?
317. How does the choice of your clustered index key affect your non-clustered indexes?
318. What kind of indexes can you have on a table variable?
319. How does the use of a table variable affect the execution plan generated for a query?
320. How many indexes can you have on a table? Table Variable?
321. Should the Primary Key ALWAYS be a clustered index? Why or why not?
322. What is a “uniqueifier”?
323. What is the difference between an “Active/Active” and an “Active/Passive” cluster?
324. What is a “server-side trace”?
325. How do you create a server-side trace?
326. How is a server-side trace different from a trace created by Profiler?
327. What is “Instant File Initialization”?
328. How does using this help SQL Server?
329. What database files can this be used on?
330. What are the windowing functions in SQL Server?
331. How can you get an execution plan for a query on a server when you don’t want to run that query on that server (i.e. a production server)?
332. What maintenance operations do you run on databases, and how frequently?
333. In an execution plan, you can see iterators with “rebind” and “rewind”. What’s the difference between these?
334. Explain Few of the New Features of SQL Server 2008 Management Studio
335. Explain IntelliSense for Query Editing
336. Explain MultiServer Query
337. Explain Query Editor Regions
338. Explain Object Explorer Enhancements
339. Explain Activity Monitors
340. What is Service Broker?
341. Where are SQL server Usernames and Passwords Stored in the SQL server?
342. What is Policy Management?
343. What is Database Mirroring?
344. What are Sparse Columns?
345. What does TOP Operator Do?
346. What is CTE?
347. What is MERGE Statement?
348. What is Filtered Index?
349. Which are the New Data Types Introduced in SQL SERVER 2008?
350. What are the Advantages of Using CTE?
351. How can we Rewrite Sub-Queries into Simple Select Statements or with Joins?
352. What is CLR?
353. What are Synonyms?
354. What is LINQ?
355. What are Isolation Levels?
356. What is Use of EXCEPT Clause?
357. What is XPath?
358. What is NOLOCK?
359. What is the Difference between Update Lock and Exclusive Lock?
360. How will you Handle Error in SQL SERVER 2008?
361. What is RAISEERROR? What is RAISEERROR?
362. How to Rebuild the Master Database?
363. What is the XML Datatype?
364. What is Data Compression?
365. What is Use of DBCC Commands?
366. How to Copy the Tables, Schema and Views from one SQL Server to Another?
367. How to Find Tables without Indexes?
368. How to Copy Data from One Table to Another Table?
369. What is Catalog Views?
370. What is PIVOT and UNPIVOT?
371. What is a Filestream?
372. What is SQLCMD?
373. What do you mean by TABLESAMPLE?
374. What is ROW_NUMBER()?
375. What are Ranking Functions?
376. What is Change Data Capture (CDC) in SQL Server 2008?
377. How can I Track the Changes or Identify the Latest Insert-Update-Delete from a Table?
378. What is the CPU Pressure?
379. How can I Get Data from a Database on Another Server?
380. What is the Bookmark Lookup and RID Lookup?
381. What is Difference between ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE and WITH NO_WAIT during ALTER DATABASE?
382. What is Difference between GETDATE and SYSDATETIME in SQL Server 2008?
383. How can I Check that whether Automatic Statistic Update is Enabled or not?
384. How to Find Index Size for Each Index on Table?
385. What is the Difference between Seek Predicate and Predicate?
386. What are Basics of Policy Management?
387. What are the Advantages of Policy Management?
388. What are Policy Management Terms?
389. What is the ‘FILLFACTOR’?
390. Where in MS SQL Server is ’100’ equal to ‘0’?
391. What are Points to Remember while Using the FILLFACTOR Argument?
392. What is a ROLLUP Clause?
393. What are Various Limitations of the Views?
394. What is a Covered index?
395. When I Delete any Data from a Table, does the SQL Server reduce the size of that table?
396. What are Wait Types?
397. How to Stop Log File Growing too Big?
398. If any Stored Procedure is Encrypted, then can we see its definition in Activity Monitor?
399. What is Data Warehousing?
400. What is Business Intelligence (BI)?
401. What is a Dimension Table?
402. What is Dimensional Modeling?
403. What is a Fact Table?
404. What are the Fundamental Stages of Data Warehousing?
405. What are the Different Methods of Loading Dimension tables?
406. Describes the Foreign Key Columns in Fact Table and Dimension Table?
407. What is Data Mining?
408. What is the Difference between a View and a Materialized View?
409. What is OLTP?
410. What is OLAP?
411. What is the Difference between OLTP and OLAP?
412. What is ODS?
413. What is ER Diagram?
414. What is ETL?
415. What is VLDB?
416. Is OLTP Database is Design Optimal for Data Warehouse?
417. If denormalizing improves Data Warehouse Processes, then why is the Fact Table is in the Normal Form?
418. What are Lookup Tables?
419. What are Aggregate Tables?
420. What is Real-Time Data-Warehousing?
421. What are Conformed Dimensions?
422. What is a Conformed Fact?
423. How do you Load the Time Dimension?
424. What is a Level of Granularity of a Fact Table?
425. What are Non-Additive Facts?
426. What is a Factless Facts Table?
427. What are Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCD)?
428. What is Hybrid Slowly Changing Dimension?
429. What is BUS Schema?
430. What is a Star Schema?
431. What Snow Flake Schema?
432. Differences between the Star and Snowflake Schema?
433. What is Difference between ER Modeling and Dimensional Modeling?
434. What is Degenerate Dimension Table?
435. Why is Data Modeling Important?
436. What is a Surrogate Key?
437. What is Junk Dimension?
438. What is a Data Mart?
439. What is the Difference between OLAP and Data Warehouse?
440. What is a Cube and Linked Cube with Reference to Data Warehouse?
441. What is Snapshot with Reference to Data Warehouse?
442. What is Active Data Warehousing?
443. What is the Difference between Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence?
444. What is MDS?
445. What is the best way to update data between SQL Servers?
446. What are the scenarios you will need multiple databases with schema?
447. How will you plan your replication?
448. What are publisher, distributor and subscriber in “Replication”?
449. What is “Push” and “Pull” subscription?
450. Can a publication support push and pull at one time?
451. What are different models/types of replication?
452. What is Snapshot replication?
453. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Snapshot replication?
454. What type of data will qualify for “Snapshot replication”?
455. What is the actual location where the distributor runs?
456. Can you explain in detail how exactly “Snapshot Replication” works?
457. What is merge replication?
458. How does merge replication works?
459. What are advantages and disadvantages of Merge replication?
460. What is conflict resolution in Merge replication?
461. What is a transactional replication?
462. Can you explain in detail how transactional replication works?
463. What are data type concerns during replications?
464. Whenever a client/User requests to a Sql Server what exactly happens internally?
465. which components will handle the requests and how the response is given to user?
466. How do you migrate/upgrade from sql server 2000 to sql server 2005? What tool you use to upgrade before upgrading sql server?
467. How to move sql server 2000 master database to sql server 2005 server ?
468. What is the difference between ‘NoRecovery’ & ‘Standby’ in Logshipping?
469. Whenever a job fails, where do you see the job information in sql server ?
470. General concepts of High Availability.?
471. How Log shipping exactly works?
472. In Log shipping process, Primary Server’s Primary Database is crashed after taking backup, then how you bring the secondary server into Online without any data loss?
473. What else is to be done after performing manual failover in log shipping? [ Hint: logins and db users have to be mapped?
474. Do sql server Roles are copied into secondary server when a manual failover is done in Log shipping?
475. What is Merger Replication? How do you solve Merge Conflicts?
476. What is Peer-to-peer Replication? What are its advantages? [ Hint: Load Balancing]
How Transaction Logs are copied from Principal server to Mirror server in Database mirroring?
477. What happens when you create a Primary Key on a column of a table?
478. Can we create a clustered index without creating a Primary key on a column of a table?
479. What exactly is a clustered index? What is non-clustered index?
480. How many clustered indexes can be created on a single table?
481. How many non-clustered indexes can be created on a single table in sql server 2005?
482. How many non-clustered indexes can be created on a single table in sql server 2008?
483. How data is stored internally in Clustered Indexes? [in B-Tree format]
484. What you do when tempdb is full?
485. when will you Rebuild/Reorganize Indexes? what criteria we should follow for the same?
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